( Abhang 2016)īecause EEG records brain activity in real time, the technique can be useful in diagnosing certain neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and sleep disorders, or for identifying the presence of a brain tumor. Brain wave categories include: delta waves (0.5-4 hz), alpha waves (8-12 hz), beta waves (12-35 hz), theta waves (40-8hz), and gamma (32-100 hz) waves. Often referred to as “brain waves,” these ripples are measured in hertz, or cycles per second, and are classified according to their frequency.
#Eeg adhd series
On the right, a child wearing wearable and dry-EEG ( Bitbrain Diadem).ĮEG charts comprise a series of wavy lines, which represent rising and falling voltages within different groups of neurons. Image 2: On the left, a child wearing semi-dry water-based EEG cap ( Bitbrain Versatile EEG 32). Combined type: a combination of the above.Hyperactive/impulsive type: symptoms primarily relate to hyperactivity (e.g., excessive fidgeting, speaking at inappropriate times, inability to sit still).Inattentive type: symptoms cluster around attention-related issues (e.g., inability to focus on school or work, difficulty organizing tasks, forgetfulness).( Lamberg 2003)ĭoctors diagnosing ADHD will assign the condition to one of three varieties: Though sometimes thought of as a childhood condition, ADHD also affects adults and often goes undiagnosed in this population. ADHD has also been linked to premature delivery, brain injury, and low birth weight. ( CDC 2021) Though research shows that ADHD is driven partially by genetic factors, the underlying causes of the condition have not been fully characterized. Early symptoms may include forgetfulness, excessive fidgeting, difficulty taking turns, or carelessness. These results are supportive of a two-component model of ADHD, with the hyperactive/impulsive component maturing with age and the inattentive component remaining more stable.A neurodevelopmental disorder, ADHD typically emerges in childhood and can manifest in a variety of forms. In the ADHD combined group, the power was found to change at a greater rate than in the ADHD inattentive group, with power levels of the two ADHD groups becoming similar with age. With increasing age, the EEG of the ADHD inattentive group was found to change at a similar rate to the changes found in the normal group, with the differences in power levels remaining constant.
Sex differences between the ADHD subjects and the control group were greater in males than females and matured faster in males. Total power, relative alpha, and the theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios were differentiated between all 3 groups. The EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition and Fourier transformed to provide estimates for total power, absolute and relative power in the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands, and for theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios.
This study investigated age-related changes and sex differences in the EEGs of two groups of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined type and ADHD predominantly inattentive type, in comparison with a control group of normal children.įorty boys and forty girls were included in each group.
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